Spring Boot | 지식 | API 기본 매핑

1. 컨트롤러 매핑 ( value 지정, 조건 추가 )

package hello.springmvc.basic.requestmapping;


import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
public class MappingController {

    private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    /**
     * method 특정 HTTP 메서드 요청만 허용
     * GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/mapping-get-v1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String mappingGetV1() {
        log.info("mappingGetV1");
        return "ok";
    }


    /**
     * 편리한 축약 애노테이션 (코드보기) * @GetMapping
     *
     * @PostMapping
     * @PutMapping
     * @DeleteMapping
     * @PatchMapping
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/mapping-get-v2")
    public String mappingGetV2() {
        log.info("mapping-get-v2");
        return "ok";
    }


    /**
     * PathVariable 사용
     * 변수명이 같으면 생략 가능
     *
     * @PathVariable("userId") String userId -> @PathVariable userId
     */
    @GetMapping("/mapping/{userId}")
    public String mappingPath(@PathVariable("userId") String data) {
        log.info("mapping Path userId={}", data);
        return "ok";
    }


    /**
     * PathVariable 사용 다중
     */
    @GetMapping("/mapping/users/{userId}/orders/{orderId}")
    public String mappingPath(@PathVariable String userId, @PathVariable Long
            orderId) {
        log.info("mappingPath userId={}, orderId={}", userId, orderId);
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * 파라미터로 추가 매핑
     * params="mode",
     * params="!mode"
     * params="mode=debug"
     * params="mode!=debug" (! = )
     * params = {"mode=debug","data=good"}
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/mapping-param", params = "mode=debug")
    public String mappingParam() {
        log.info("mappingParam");
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * 특정 헤더로 추가 매핑
     * headers="mode",
     * headers="!mode"
     * headers="mode=debug"
     * headers="mode!=debug" (! = )
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/mapping-header", headers = "mode=debug")
    public String mappingHeader() {
        log.info("mappingHeader");
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * Content-Type 헤더 기반 추가 매핑 Media Type
     * consumes="application/json"
     * consumes="!application/json"
     * consumes="application/*"
     * consumes="*\/*"
     * MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE
     */
    @PostMapping(value = "/mapping-consume", consumes = "application/json")
    public String mappingConsumes() {
        log.info("mappingConsumes");
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * Accept 헤더 기반 Media Type
     * produces = "text/html"
     * produces = "!text/html"
     * produces = "text/*"
     * produces = "*\/*"
     */
    @PostMapping(value = "/mapping-produce", produces = "text/html")
    public String mappingProduces() {
        log.info("mappingProduces");
        return "ok";
    }

}

 

2. CRUD 매핑 ( value 생략 )

package hello.springmvc.basic.requestmapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mapping/users")
public class MappingClassController {

    /**
     * GET /mapping/users
     */
    @GetMapping
    public String users() {
        return "get users";
    }

    /**
     * POST /mapping/users
     */
    @PostMapping
    public String addUser() {
        return "post user";
    }

    /**
     * GET /mapping/users/{userId}
     */
    @GetMapping("/{userId}")
    public String findUser(@PathVariable String userId) {
        return "get userId=" + userId;
    }

    /**
     * PATCH /mapping/users/{userId}
     */
    @PatchMapping("/{userId}")
    public String updateUser(@PathVariable String userId) {
        return "update userId=" + userId;
    }

    /**
     * DELETE /mapping/users/{userId}
     */
    @DeleteMapping("/{userId}")
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable String userId) {
        return "delete userId=" + userId;
    }
}

 

3. header 매핑 ( Controller 함수 매개변수 )

package hello.springmvc.basic.request;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Locale;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/headers")
public class RequestHeaderController {

    @RequestMapping
    public String headers(
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response,
            HttpMethod httpMethod,
            Locale locale,
            @RequestHeader MultiValueMap<String, String> headerMap,
            @RequestHeader("host") String host,
            @CookieValue(value = "myCookie", required = false) String cookie

            ) {

        log.info("request={}", request);
        log.info("response={}", response);
        log.info("httpMethod={}", httpMethod);
        log.info("locale={}", locale);
        log.info("headerMap={}", headerMap);
        log.info("header host={}", host);
        log.info("myCookie={}", cookie);
        return "OK";
    }

}

 

4. RequestParam

package hello.springmvc.basic.request;

import hello.springmvc.basic.HelloData;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
@Controller
public class RequestParamController {
    /**
     * 반환 타입이 없으면서 이렇게 응답에 값을 직접 집어넣으면, view 조회X
     */
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-v1")
    public void requestParamV1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));
        log.info("username={}, age={}", username, age);
        response.getWriter().write("ok");
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-v2")
    public String requestParamV2(
            @RequestParam("username") String username,
            @RequestParam("age") int age
    ) throws IOException {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", username, age);
        return "OK";
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-v3")
    public String requestParamV3(
            @RequestParam String username,
            @RequestParam int age
    ) throws IOException {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", username, age);
        return "OK";
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-v4")
    public String requestParamV4(String username, int age){
        log.info("username={}, age={}", username, age);
        return "OK";
    }

    /**
     * @RequestParam.required
     * /request-param-required -> username이 없으므로 예외 *
     * 주의!
     * /request-param-required?username= -> 빈문자로 통과 *
     * 주의!
     * /request-param-required
     * int age -> null을 int에 입력하는 것은 불가능, 따라서 Integer 변경해야 함(또는 다음에 나오는
    defaultValue 사용) */
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-required")
    public String requestParamRequired(
            @RequestParam(required = true) String username,
            @RequestParam(required = false) Integer age) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", username, age);
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * @RequestParam
     * - defaultValue 사용 *
     * 참고: defaultValue는 빈 문자의 경우에도 적용 * /request-param-default?username=
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-default")
    public String requestParamDefault(
            @RequestParam(required = true, defaultValue = "guest") String username,
            @RequestParam(required = false, defaultValue = "-1") int age) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", username, age);
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * @RequestParam Map, MultiValueMap
     * Map(key=value)
     * MultiValueMap(key=[value1, value2, ...]) ex) (key=userIds, value=[id1, id2])
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/request-param-map")
    public String requestParamMap(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> paramMap) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", paramMap.get("username"), paramMap.get("age"));
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * @ModelAttribute 사용
     * 참고: model.addAttribute(helloData) 코드도 함께 자동 적용됨, 뒤에 model을 설명할 때
    자세히 설명
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/model-attribute-v1")
    public String modelAttributeV1(@ModelAttribute HelloData helloData) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", helloData.getUsername(),
                helloData.getAge());
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * @ModelAttribute 사용
     * 참고: model.addAttribute(helloData) 코드도 함께 자동 적용됨, 뒤에 model을 설명할 때
    자세히 설명
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("/model-attribute-v2")
    public String modelAttributeV2( HelloData helloData) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", helloData.getUsername(),
                helloData.getAge());
        return "ok";
    }

}

 

5. RequestBody - String

package hello.springmvc.basic.request;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

@Slf4j
@Controller
public class RequestBodyStringController {

    @PostMapping("/request-body-string-v1")
    public void requestBodyString(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        String messageBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        log.info("messageBody={}",messageBody);

        response.getWriter().write("ok");
    }


    /**
     * InputStream(Reader): HTTP 요청 메시지 바디의 내용을 직접 조회 * OutputStream(Writer): HTTP 응답 메시지의 바디에 직접 결과 출력 */
    @PostMapping("/request-body-string-v2")
    public void requestBodyStringV2(InputStream inputStream, Writer responseWriter) throws IOException {
        String messageBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputStream,StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        log.info("messageBody={}", messageBody);
        responseWriter.write("ok");
    }

    /**
     * HttpEntity: HTTP header, body 정보를 편리하게 조회
     * - 메시지 바디 정보를 직접 조회(@RequestParam X, @ModelAttribute X)
     * - HttpMessageConverter 사용 -> StringHttpMessageConverter 적용 *
     * 응답에서도 HttpEntity 사용 가능
     * * */

    @PostMapping("/request-body-string-v3")
    public HttpEntity<String> requestBodyStringV3(HttpEntity<String> httpEntity) throws IOException {
        String messageBody = httpEntity.getBody();
        log.info("messageBody={}", messageBody);

        return new HttpEntity<>("ok");
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/request-body-string-v4")
    public String requestBodyStringV4(@RequestBody String messageBody) throws IOException {
        log.info("messageBody={}", messageBody);
        return "ok";
    }
}

 

6. Response Body - Json

package hello.springmvc.basic.request;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import hello.springmvc.basic.HelloData;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

@Slf4j
@Controller
public class RequestBodyJsonController {
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/request-body-json-v1")
    public String requestBodyJsonV1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        String messageBody = StreamUtils.copyToString(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        log.info("messageBody = {}", messageBody);
        HelloData helloData = objectMapper.readValue(messageBody, HelloData.class);
        log.info("username={}, age={}", helloData.getUsername(), helloData.getAge());

        return "OK";
    }

    /**
     * @RequestBody HttpMessageConverter 사용 -> StringHttpMessageConverter 적용 *
     * @ResponseBody - 모든 메서드에 @ResponseBody 적용
     * - 메시지 바디 정보 직접 반환(view 조회X)
     * - HttpMessageConverter 사용 -> StringHttpMessageConverter 적용
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/request-body-json-v2")
    public String requestBodyJsonV2(@RequestBody String messageBody) throws IOException {

        log.info("messageBody = {}", messageBody);
        HelloData helloData = objectMapper.readValue(messageBody, HelloData.class);
        log.info("username={}, age={}", helloData.getUsername(), helloData.getAge());

        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * @RequestBody 생략 불가능(@ModelAttribute 가 적용되어 버림)
     * HttpMessageConverter 사용 -> MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter (content-
     * type: application/json)
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/request-body-json-v3")
    public String requestBodyJsonV3(@RequestBody HelloData data) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", data.getUsername(), data.getAge());
        return "ok";
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/request-body-json-v4")
    public String requestBodyJsonV4(HttpEntity<HelloData> httpEntity) {
        HelloData data = httpEntity.getBody();
        log.info("username={}, age={}", data.getUsername(), data.getAge());
        return "ok";
    }

    /**
     * @RequestBody 생략 불가능(@ModelAttribute 가 적용되어 버림)
     * HttpMessageConverter 사용 -> MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter (content- type: application/json)
     * @ResponseBody 적용
     * - 메시지 바디 정보 직접 반환(view 조회X)
     * - HttpMessageConverter 사용 -> MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 적용
     * (Accept: application/json)
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("/request-body-json-v5")
    public HelloData requestBodyJsonV5(@RequestBody HelloData data) {
        log.info("username={}, age={}", data.getUsername(), data.getAge());
        return data;
    }
}